Tuesday, April 30, 2013

Ahle Zikr II

While traveling on expressways we see thick white lines or bands which divide the road into different lanes. These white lines are the mark of separation of lanes based on the speed limit. There are fast lanes, medium lanes and lanes for slow or heavy vehicles. In order to remain in the specific lane these lines are to be followed diligently. If a driver follows these lines he is ensured of a safer and smoother journey on the expressway but in case if he fails to remain in his lane and by mistake moves out, the chances of accident with another vehicle increase and the journey might not remain safer anymore. Thus for a good driver it is mandatory not to ignore these lines and follow them with perfection. 

Now relate this example with life. Our life is a journey and we are all travelers, heading towards our final destination in our respective lanes at our respective speed. In such a situation how do we find out that we are in the right lane? We might wonder whether Allah (SWT) has created His Signs which need to be followed diligently to remain in the right lane and avoid getting hit by Satan.

***In this article let us try to understand this phenomenon in the light of holy Quran and try to identify those Signs of Allah which are to be followed throughout our life span to remain on the straight path. 
 
We start our research with the following ayah from Surah-e-Baqra:
  • “Aur Shaitan ke qadam ba qadam na chalo woh to tumhara zaahir ba zaahir dushman hai.” – (Surah-e-Baqra, ayah 168) 
  •  “(And do not follow the footsteps of the Shaitan; surely he is your open enemy).” 
In the above ayah, Allah (SWT) has instructed us not to follow the footsteps of the Satan but the Satan is invisible to us, nor can we see his footsteps and thus unknowingly we are at a risk of following him, giving him the benefit of leading us to the wrong path. So how do we save ourselves from not getting astray by the Satan? Let us see one more ayah in this regard:
  • "Beshak ye sarasar nasihat hai to jo shakhs chahe apne parwardigar ki raah le.” – (Surah-e-Insan, ayah 29)

  • “(This surely is a reminder: Therefore whosoever desires may take the way to his Lord).”
In the previous ayah Allah (SWT) instructs us not to follow the footsteps of Satan and in the above ayah He reminds us that we should have the desire to take the path that reaches Him. But again the problem persists as Allah (SWT) though Omnipresent is invisible. None is capable enough to grasp His Vision and hence how does one ensure that the path being taken is the straight path that reaches Him? How does one ensure, safety from Satan?  Let us consider one more ayah from Surah-e-Insan:
  • “Aur jab tak Khuda ko manzur na ho tum log kuch bhi chah nahin sakte beshak Khuda bada waqifkaar dana hai.” – (Surah-e-Insan, ayah 30)
  •  “(But you will not desire except as God wills. Verily He is all-knowing and all-wise).”
Relating the above ayah to the previous one we can see that the previous ayah from Surah-e-Insan (ayah no 29) reminds us to have the desire of taking the path in His direction while the ayah above says that one cannot even have a desire unless He Wills. This means that even in order to have the desire of taking the straight path one needs to earn Allah’s Will first.

***We can thus infer on the basis of the above contemplations on various ayahs that Allah (SWT) does not want us to follow the footsteps of the Satan and He wants us to have the will and the desire to take the straight path in His direction. But further the ayah has clarified that we can’t even hold such a desire unless He Wills. Thus in order to reach the straight path we need to seek Allah (SWT)’s pleasure and only then can we reach the straight path and hence be safe from Satan.
  
Quran is the final commandment of Allah (SWT) and I believe that if we ponder upon various ayahs we would find a definite way to seek Allah’s Pleasure and His Will. Let us move forward in this direction and consider the following ayah from Surah-e-Fateha for this:
  •  “Humain seedha raasta dikha, un logo ka raasta jin per Tu ne inaam farmaya…” – (Surah-e-Fateha Ayah 6-7)
  •  (“Show us the straight way, the way of those on whom Thou hast bestowed Thy Grace...”)
In the above ayah Allah (SWT) has asked the Muslim Ummah to pray to Him to show them the straight path taken by the chosen ones who were bestowed upon by His Grace. Here, let us go back to the previous ayah of Surah-e-Insan (ayah no. 29), where Allah (SWT) has reminded us to have the desire to take the path in His direction while in the above ayah He has shown us the specific direction to reach Him. The path taken by His chosen ones is the path He wishes us to take. This path would lead us to Him and hence by taking this path we would ensure that we win His Pleasure and His Will. 

The prominent Islamic researchers like Sa’labi and others have mentioned a tradition from Abu Hureira according to which the ‘Straight Path’ mentioned in the above ayah is the path taken by the holy Prophet (pbuh) and his holy Progeny (pbut).  (Ref: Sa’labi in his Tafseer, Waki ibn-e-Jarrah in his commentary). 

Before we carry forward the discussion on this ayah let us consider another ayah from Surah-e-Ambiya:
  • “To agar tum log khud nahin jaante ho to ahl-e-zikr se pooch kar dekho.” – (Surah-e-Ambiya, ayah 7)
  •  “(Ask the remembrances (ahl-e-zikr), if you do not know)”
In the light of above ayah we can say that there are chosen guides whom we need to follow. These guides are the representatives of Allah (SWT) and His arguments over us and hence we should seek their guidance to reach the Straight Path. The ayah has termed them as Ahle Zikr.

Sa’labi reports from the authority of Jabir Ibn-e-Abdullah Ansari in his tafseer that on revelation of this ayah Mawla Ali (as) said, “We are the rememberancers (ahl-e-zikr)”.

Thus as per Quran the Imams from the holy Progeny of the holy Prophet (SAW) are Ahle Zikr and our guides. Let us now see what our beloved Prophet (pbuh) has said about his holy Ahlulbait:

  • "Do not go ahead of them lest ye perish; nor lag behind them, lest ye perish also. And do not teach them for they know more than you.” (Ref: Tabrani as part of Hadees-e-Saqlain, Ibn-e-Hajar Sawaiq-e-Mohraika, vol 24, Chapter 37)
 And Syeda Fatema (S.A) has said: "Verily, Allah made obeying us (Ahlulbait) - the regulation of the nation and our (Ahlulbait’s) leadership - the safeguard from disunity. (Ref: Al-Ihtijaj vol.1 p.97, Bihar Al-Anwar vol.29 p.223)

***It is clear from above Quranic contemplations that the holy Prophet (SAW) and his pious Progeny (as) are the Ahle Zikr, the true guides and rightful representatives of Allah (SWT) on this earth. Seeking guidance from them is to seek guidance from Allah (SWT) Himself and following their footsteps is the doctrine to reach Allah (SWT) and hence a passport of salvation. 
 
The Ahle Zikr are the holy Prophet (SAW) and his Progeny (as) as per the result we just derived. But why did Allah (SWT) choose them to be Ahle Zikr? Is there a reason for that? Let us strive in this direction and seek answers to our queries. 

Striving in the direction of Allah (SWT) is the most important aspect of our faith and religion and that is the reason Allah (SWT) instructed the holy Prophet (SAW) to give his final message to the Muslim Ummah in the following manner: 
  •  “Ae Rasool (SAW) un logon se tum kehdo ke main iss tabligh-e-risaalat per tum se kuch mazdoori to maangta nahin hoon magar tamanna ye hai ke jo chaahe apne Parvardigar tak pahonch ne ki raah pakad le.” – (Surah-e-Furqaan, ayah 57)
  •  “(Say: "No reward do I ask of you for it but this: that each one who will, may take a (straight) Path to his Lord.")”
‘Each one who will, may take a straight Path to his Lord’ – this is the reward Allah (SWT) instructed the holy Prophet (SAW) to seek from the Muslim Ummah for his labour of Prophethood. Let us see one more ayah from Surah-e-Baqra and then contemplate on both the above ayahs:  
  • “Aur Khuda jise chahe rahe raast ki hidayat karta hai.” – (Surah-e-Baqra, ayah 213)
  • “(And Allah guides whom He pleases to the right path.)”                    
The ayah says that Allah (SWT) guides whom He pleases to the right path. While the final message of the holy Prophet to his Ummah as mentioned in the previous ayah from Surah-e-Furqaan is to strive in the direction of the Straight Path that reaches Allah (SWT). But we have concluded that the straight path to Allah (SWT) is the path taken by the holy Progeny (as) of our beloved Prophet (SAW). Thus Allah (SWT) again asked the holy Prophet (SAW) to further clarify his final message in the following manner:
  • “Ae Rasool (SAW) tum kehdo ke main apni tableegh-e-risalat ka apne qarabatdaron ki mohabbat ke siwa tumse koi sila nahin maangta” – (Surah-e-Shura, aayat – 23)
  • “(‘Say: I do not ask of you any reward for it but love for my near relatives’)”
Upon the revelation of the above ayah it was asked to the holy Prophet (SAW) as to who were they whose love has been made mandatory for us? To which the Prophet (SAW) replied that they are Ali (as), Fatema (sa), their children Hassan (as) and Hussain (as). (Ref: Tafseer-e-Kishaf, Allama Zamkhashri, Vol 3, P 67)

A similar tradition has been recorded by Sa’labi, Zamakhshari, Suyuti and Baidhavi in which it is mentioned that the above ayah was revealed to make the love of the household of Mawla Ali (A.S) mandatory on the Muslim world.  Even prominent Islamic authorities like Bukhari, Muslim, Ahmed Ibn Hambal and others have recorded traditions to this effect by quoting Ibn-e-Abbas. Thus to take the straight path that reaches Allah (SWT) is to love the Ahlulbait and try to follow their guidance.

Going back to ayah no. 213 from Surah-e-Baqra, which has already been discussed above which says, Allah guides whom He pleases to the right path, here the right path is the love of Ahlulbait. It means that Allah (SWT) instills love of Ahlulbait in the bosoms of people whom He wishes to guide. And this conclusion of ours has been testified by Quran in the following manner in the following ayah: 
  •  “Khuda apne Noor ki taraf jise chahta hai hidayat karta hai” – (Surah-e-Noor, ayah 35)
  • “(Allah guides to His Noor whom He pleases).”
The above ayah says that Allah guides to His Noor whom He pleases. But Allah (SWT) being invisible, to which Noor shall we be guided? 

Let us see few references on the revelation of the above ayah which would further confirm our inference: 

Ali ibn Muhammad and Muhammad ibn al-Hassan have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad from Muhammad ibn al-Hassan ibn Shammun from ‘Abd Allah ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman al-Asamma from ‘Abd Allah ibn al-Qasim from Salih ibn Sahl al-Hamadani who has narrated a tradition from the authority of Imam Jafar-e-Sadiq (as) and according to it the Imam has said that in the above ayah:
  • Allah guides to His Noor whom He pleases’ means that Allah Guides through the Imams (as) whoever He likes.  (Ref: Al-Kafi, Vol. 1, H. 513) 
And Hasan al-Basri, Abdul Hasan Maghazil and Shafe’I have mentioned that 
  • “Allah guides to His Noor whom He pleases” means the love for descendants of Mawla Ali (as) and Lady Fatema (sa).
***This clarifies why Allah (SWT) chose them as Ahle Zikr. The holy Prophet (SAW) and Imams from his holy Progeny (as) are Ahle Zikr as they are the light of Allah (SWT) created to guide us. Allah (SWT) has kept Himself invisible from our eyes and created this light in human form so that we may understand the Divine Message and remain steadfast on the straight path. If we lose their sight we are at risk of facing the Satan and we might get astray but if we strive in their direction we are ensured of guidance and salvation. Throughout his life our beloved Prophet (SAW) had conveyed the message of importance of love for Ahlulbait (as) in our lives on different occasions and this has been documented in the form of ahadith which find their mention in authentic books of different sects of Muslim Ummah. 

And since they are our guides, the virtues displayed during their lifespan need to be imbibed by us to the best of our capacities. It is impossible for us to emulate them but if we take inspiration from their lives we could be immensely benefited. They have epitomized various virtues which we would see in the light of following ayah: 
  • “Aur Hum to kisi shakhs ko uss ki quwwat se badhke takleef dete hi nahin.” – (Surah –e-Momineen, ayah 62) 
  •  “(On no soul do We place a burden greater than it can bear).”
The above ayah says that Allah (SW) does not burden someone beyond his capacity. This means that the larger the atrocity faced by one the greater is his capacity to bear it. Seeing the lives of Prophets who descended on this earth and faced different atrocities it can be said that none had to face the calamity as great as the atrocities of Karbala faced by Imam Hussain (as) and his household. The battlefield of Karbala afflicted countless ruthless atrocities on the innocent children and household of our beloved Imam Hussain (as). This if we see in the light of above ayah showcases his magnitude of Patience and Faith.

During my recent visit to Iraq I saw the place where Imam Musa Kazim (as) was imprisoned for most of his life. The cell was so small and the ceiling so low that the holy Imam could barely raise his head above the ‘ruku’ position. If Allah (SWT) created the Imams as Ahle Zikr then why such atrocities on them, we tend to wonder.

But when we see their lives in the light of above ayah it explains that Allah (SWT) has revealed their strength to mankind in the light of these atrocities. They have epitomized every virtue which Allah (SWT) has instructed in Quran for us to imbibe. They are ‘Quran-e-Naatiq’ and their lives are guidance for us.
  •  As per the holy Quran the holy Prophet (SAW) is ‘Mercy’ to the Worlds (Surah-e-Ambiya, ayah 107). Thus he has epitomized ‘Mercy’
  • When the Muslim army could not conquer the ‘Fort of Khyber’ and were losing the battle the holy Prophet (SAW) called for the help of Mawla Ali (as) in his prayer to Allah (SWT) by reciting ‘Naade Ali’. Mawla Ali came to the rescue, conquered the Fort and lifted the huge door miraculously on his arm. The Surah-e-Hadid, ayah no. 25 mentions the event of descension of Zulfiqar -  In the battlefield of Ohad, Jibraeel (A.S) brought down the sword ‘Zulfiqar’ and presented it to Mawla Ali (A.S) by saying: ‘La fataah illa Ali La Saif illa Zulfiqar.’ (Zulfiqar is the only effective sword and Ali the unique champion) (Ref: Habib-al-Siyar; Rawdzat-al-Ahbab).Thus Mawla Ali (as) became epitome of  ‘Strength’ and ‘Divine Help’
  • Ayah no. 33 of Surah-e-Ahzab (ayat-e-Tatheer) has testified Saiyeda Fatema (sa) as the epitome of ‘Piety’.
  • In order to stop the killings of innocent Muslims, our beloved Imam Hassan (as) entered into a treaty with the crafty caliph of that time and curbed his cunning moves and stopped the unnecessary bloodshed, thus epitomizing ‘Wisdom’.
  • In the battlefield of Karbala Imam Hussain (as) sacrificed his innocent household for the sake of Islam. Thus becoming the epitome of ‘Patience’ and ‘Faith’
  • In the battlefield of Karbala after the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (as) Saiyeda Zainab (sa) took care of his household. Her dignified conduct during atrocities to date is an inspiration for women of the Ummah and stands as the epitome of ‘Dignity’.
  • The presence of Abbas Alamdar (as) which sent shivers down the spine of enemies in Karbala, was a respite for Imam Hussain (as) and his household. His loyalty and love for Imam Hussain (as) was such that he allowed his arms getting amputated by coward enemies but did not lift the weapons against the wish of Imam Hussain (as). He conquered the river Euphrates but did not drink water as children of Imam Hussain (as) were thirsty. He sacrificed his life for Imam and his children. He is an inspiration for brotherly love. He thus epitomized “Bravery’ and ‘Loyalty’.
The above cited examples are just few of many to explain my point of view. They are ‘Signs of Allah’ and His Identity. We have to see them and their lives to understand Allah (SWT) and His message. The sermon of the holy Prophet (SAW) from the authority of Imam Zainulabedin (as) supports our above claim: 

  Imam Ali Bin Al-Hussein (pbuh) said: "My father narrated to me that his father narrated that the Messenger of Allah (pbuhp) said: 

When Adam (as) saw our spirits he said: "O Lord! What are these spirits?" Allah, the Most High, said: "O Adam, these are the spirits of my greatest creations and servants.-

o   This is Mohammad and I am Al-Mahmoud Al-Hamid (The Most Thanked) for My actions, I derived this name for him from My Name. 

o   This is Ali and I am Al-Ali Al-Athim (The Most High and the Greatest), I derived this name for him from My Name. 

o   This is Fatima and I am (Fater) the Originator of the skies and earth; I am the One who shall deprive my enemies from My mercy on the day of My judgment and protect my saints from what may harm them; hence, I derived this name for her from My Name and

o   These are Al-Hasan and Al-Hussein and I am Al-Mohsen Al-Mojmel (The Most Charitable and the Most Generous); I derived their names from My Name.

These are My most virtuous creations and My most dignified servants. By them, I give. By them, I punish. By them, I reward. Therefore, plead by them, O Adam, and if you face a hardship, let them be your interceders. For, I swore to Myself indeed to never disappoint anyone who hopes mercy by them and never refuse anyone who asks a request by them." (Ref: Bihar-ul-Anwar, P 327, V 26, P 150, V 11, Tafseer-e-Imam Hasan Askari (as) P 219, Tafseer-e-Saafi, V 1, P 115, Yanabe-ul-Mawadda, V 1, P 288)

***The holy Prophet (SAW) and his Progeny (as) are the “light of Allah (SWT)” created as our guides and our constant source of inspiration. They are the “Straight Path” to be followed as mentioned in Quran. They are “Signs of Allah” which need to be loved. Their ‘Zikr’ is Allah’s Zikr’ and hence they are “Ahle Zikr”. Allah (SWT) instills their love in the bosoms of people whom He wishes. So let us thank Allah (SWT) that He has chosen us by instilling love of Ahlulbait in our hearts and pray to Him to keep us guided and reward us for this in both the worlds. We would finally conclude this article by mentioning Mawla Ali (as)’s instructions to us on this:

“Look at the people of the Prophet's family. Adhere to their direction. Follow their footsteps because they would never let you out of guidance, and never throw you into destruction. If they sit down, you sit down, and if they rise up you rise up. Do not go ahead of them, as you would thereby go astray and do not lag behind of them as you would thereby be ruined.” – (Ref: Sermon 96, Nahjulbalagha)

Wednesday, April 24, 2013

Elated !!!



I have known Mr.Nadim Jafri for the last twenty years or so, first as a young man interested in widening his knowledge base and then as a very unusual entrepreneur. He studied at the prestigious Saint Xavier Jesuit mission school and went on to obtain a management degree. He belongs to the Chilea community, a sect of the Islamic religion in our State and is very cosmopolitan, open to new ideas and experiential learning and has the persistence  and energy to pursue the implementation details of innovative out of the box concepts. 

Nadim Jafri is a man with commitment to pursuing developmental ideals and has the integrity and stamina to do so. Our State went through the horrifying experience of a major communal conflagration in 2002 which scarred his community. Rising from adversity he built an extraordinary business, which interestingly relied on community strengths and is a widely reported and analyzed phenomenon. It is an essential component of the healing process, society has gone through and he is a respected face of it. Jafri built on the idea that in rural areas which are generally bereft of satisfying retail trade advantages in India, he would use a highly successful department store he had built up in metropolitan Ahmedaabad as a base to franchise retail deliveries in rural areas using his community network as an instrument. 

Jafri successfully built a business of some strength around this concept basically using his energy and integrity to build relationships on trust. He had the business skills to expand the business in terms of franchisee outlets but also in terms of depth in expansion into linked areas of backward linkages in processing and packaging for meeting customer demands.

Nadim Jafri will be an asset to a Social Entrepreneurship program any where. He will learn from a good program and contribute to it. He has proven managerial and great competence in creating social assets around trust and community interest. With the experience I have of the Ivy league system as a doctoral student in Economics at the University of Pennsylvania and of teaching in the Wharton School and at Swarthmore College, I can say without hesitation that he will be in the top percentiles of student cohorts. His application deserves the most serious consideration by the Yale Global Social Entrepreneurship Program


Yoginder.K.Alagh
Chairman, Instituteof Rural Management and
Former Minister of Power and Science and Technology of India

(Recommended by Dr. Y.K.Alagh for Yale Global Social Entrepreneurship Program - 1st March, 2011) 

Inspired !!!

Nadeem....FANTASTIC

i feel very proud when reading these articles.......i always knew you had it in you and the proof is what you have achieved.

please keep me updated on the progress of hearty mart and yourself and the next time you are in bby, call me....would love to catch up with you.

god bless.

warmest

nirvik


(Nirvik Singh - Chairman of Grey Asia Pacific, my super boss on my Hearty Mart achievements - 3rd April 2008)

Humbled !!!

 "There was one thing that I learnt form you, working with you – No job how big or small, treat it with respect and do it well. Ultimately it will shine out." - Karan Dangayach on my being a good mentor - 12th April 2008- (My ex-colleague in Grey)

Motivated !!!

HELLO SIR,

                   WISH U A VERY VERY HAPPY EID... MAY ALLAH ALWAYS KEEP U SMILING...
            U KNW I LOVE UR SMILE AND TONGUE OUTSIDE WITH IT
       UR THAT GESTURE GIVES AUTO SMILE TO EVERYONE.. I M FAN OF U!!! U R GR8
              MAY ALLAH GIVE U EVERYTHIN WAT U WISH FOR..AND SHOWER THE PETALS OF LOVE ON U.. 
                KEEP UR THIS SMILE ALWAYS WITH U!!

                          EID MUBHARAK!!!!!!
                    
                                                               WITH LOVE
                                                                    LAVEENA 

( My student - Laveena Assudani on my lecturing techniques - 17th October, 2007)

Monday, April 15, 2013

Chief Mentor’s Speech



Date: 15/04/13

Place: Hearty Mart Enterprise


In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.

My dear friends and colleagues.

My old colleagues and those who have joined recently.

Those who know my story and those who don’t.

Let me start this speech with the story of failure as I believe that every story of success is actually a story of failure. I have seen people getting scared of failure, but it is failure which ignites fire in you and inspires you to do better in future. 

Failure is the first stepping stone to success. I failed to secure distinctions in my higher secondary and I could not become an engineer; instead today I am an entrepreneur working on my own terms and am independent. Had I been an engineer, I would have been still working with a blue-chip company……may be. I gained a lot when I failed. Today, I feel it was an opportunity in the form of a failure.

Hearty Mart was a loss making store few years back. Today, it is a case-study of integrated business. We could achieve all this as we remained focused and channelized our energies for the common goal. This miraculous success was achieved by your efforts and this is ofcourse the success well-deserved.

The year 2012-2013 gave us growth in a turbulent time of the economy which means that Almighty Allah is happy and pleased with our dedication and efforts. We need to strive in this direction every year and remember that the success achieved through right means and efforts is the success Allah wants us to have. If we do so we would always be under His Shelter and Guidance. Yes, there are temptations all around but during such a time we need to look back at the path we have travelled and it would help us not to deviate from the right path.

Hearty Mart – a community initiative is slowly shedding its image and is coming out in the mainstream. I would like to specially thank the presence of my friends from other communities who have accepted the business and working with me as a part of my extended family. Their efforts are really wonderful and I pray to Allah to always guide us that we remain fair and just with them and all friends and employees of Hearty Mart.

We, the citizen of India should shun our personal biases and differences and should work collectively for the growth of this great nation and let us begin this journey by working collectively at Hearty Mart.
I have brought few leadership & motivational gems for you which I would be sharing now: 


Leadership & Motivational Thoughts: 

  •  "Encourage your people to counter your arguments and indulge in healthy debate. This would help you gauge the strength of your arguments and allow you to rectify errors in the process."
  • "The word 'success' is deceptive and it’s meaning changes from one person to another. The best way to describe success is to feel it. A truly successful person would be satisfied with his efforts and would be at peace with himself."
  • "To born in a family with a good name is a gift of God. To strive and achieve your own name and space is being grateful to the Almighty!"
  • "If a person inculcates humility of a learner and confidence of an expert the success would always be loyal to him."
  •  "When you feel that you have reached bottom of your failure in personal and professional life keep the faith that success is just round the corner."
Spiritual Thoughts

Mawla Ali’s (as) advice to his children:
  •  "I advise you (both) and all my children and members of my family and everyone whom my writing reaches, to fear Allah, to keep your affairs in order, and to maintain good relations among yourselves for I have heard your grandfather (the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.)) saying: 'Improvement of mutual differences is better than general prayers and fasting." 
  •  "(Fear) Allah (and) keep Allah in view in the matter of orphans. So do not allow them to starve, nor allow them to be lost in your presence." 
  •  "Be an enemy of the oppressor and a helper of the oppressed."

And at the end a piece of advice by an advertising guru-friend (Prathap Suthan) of mine:

"Keep observing. Keep assimilating. Be a student forever. Learning from life is key. And learning something new daily is master key. Like Einstein said, ‘my knowledge is nothing compared to my ignorance’. Think about it. It’s a huge truth, and it doesn’t get more awesome than that." 

Thank you